Janka Hardness is a test which measures the pounds of force it takes to drive a .44" diameter steel ball 1/2 its depth into wood.  These numbers are taken from various publications but principally are from the U.S. Forest Products lab.  The higher the number the harder the species. While this is not a test that a luthier might consider when selecting wood it does provide some insight into the woods structural properties and it's viability for use in a musical instrument. If you are a fan of using White Ash at 1320, but want a more interesting color or different grain patterny this chart can provide some alternative choices. One might consider the use of an alternative for color variation such as European Beech at 1300, or Angelique at 1290
which are close in Hardness but have very a different look in their grain patterns.

 

Domestic Species - to North America

Flooring Trade Name

Botanical Name

Hardness - Janka

Ash, White

Fraxinus, excelsior

1320

Cherry, N. American

Prunus, serotina

950

Maple, N. American

Acer, saccharum

1450

Oak, Red

Quercus, rubra

1260

Oak, White

Quercus, alba

1360

Walnut, N. American

Juglans, nigra

1010

 

 

Imported Species - to North America

Flooring Trade Name

Botanical Name

Hardness - Janka

Afrormosia

Pericopsis, elata

1560

Amendoim

Pterogyne, nitens

1340 (15%)

Angelique

Dicorynia, guianensis

1290

Ash, Victorian

Eucalyptus, delegatensis

1010

Beech, European

Fagus, slyvatica

1300

Bloodwood

Brosimum, rubescens

2900

Brushbox, Northern

Tristania, spp

2045

Bubinga

Guibourtia, demeusei

1980

Cherry, Brazilian

Hymenaea, courbaril

2820

Cherry, Caribbean

Lonchocarpus, castilloi

3100

Flooring Trade Name

Botanical Name

Hardness - Janka

Cherry, Mayan/Aztec

Lonchocarpus, castilloi

3100

Cherry, Patagonian

Guibourtia, chodatianal

2800

Chestnut, Brazilian

Dipteryx, odorata

3540

Chestnut, Southern

Sweetia, panamensis

2670

Cypress, Australian

Callitrus, glauca

1375

Doussie

Afzelia, spp

1770

Goncalo Alves

Astronium, spp

2160

Gum, Sydney Blue

Eucalyptus, saligna

2025

Iroko/Kambala

Chloraphora, excelsa

1260

Kempas

Koompassia, malaccensis

1710

Flooring Trade Name

Botanical Name

Hardness - Janka

Lacewood

Roupala, brasiliensis

840

Mahogany, Royal

Pithecellobium, arboreum

1400

Mahogany, Santos

Myroxylon, balsamum

2200

Mahogany, Honduran

Swietenia, macrophylla

800

Maple, Brazilian

Balfourodendron, riedelianum

1500

Maple, Patagonian

Balfourodendron, riedelianum

1500

Merbau

Intsia, spp

1925

Merbau, Southern

Pithecellobium, arboreum

1400

Oak, Tasmanian

Eucalyptus, regnans/obliqua

1010

Padauk, African

Pterocarpus, soyauxii

1725

Flooring Trade Name

Botanical Name

Hardness - Janka

Purpleheart

Peltogyne, spp

2090

Rosewood, Bolivian

Machaerium, sclieroxylon

1780

Rosewood, Caribbean

Metopium, browneii

2300

Rosewood, Honduran

Dalbergia, Stevensonii

2200

Rosewood, Patagonian

Piptadenia, macrocarpa

2800

Rosewood, Tiete

Guibourtia, chodatianal

2800

Shedua/Mutenye

Guibourtia, arnoldiana

1650

Tamarind

Dialium, guianense

3000

Teak, Brazilian

Dipteryx, odorata

3540

Flooring Trade Name

Botanical Name

Hardness - Janka

Teak, True

Tectona, grandis

1155

Tigerwood

Astronium, spp

2160

Walnut, Brazilian

Tabebuia, spp

3680

Walnut, Caribbean

Lysiloma, bahamensis

1400

Walnut, Mayan/Aztec

Lysiloma, bahamensis

1400

Walnut, Patagonian

Tabebuia, heptaphylla

2800

Walnut, Peruvian

Juglans, neotropica

1080

Wenge

Milletia, laurentii

1630

Zebrawood

Microberlina, brazzavillensis

1575

 

This information was provided by http://www.wflooring.com